Asian Drama: An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations, published in three volumes in 1968, was the product of more than a decade of research across South and Southeast Asia. Myrdal traveled extensively through India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma, Thailand, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia, accompanied by research teams, examining the economic, institutional, and cultural conditions of development. The resulting work is simultaneously a sustained empirical account of persistent poverty, a theoretical elaboration of cumulative causation at national and regional scale, and a sharp critique of the development economics orthodoxy that had produced two decades of failed aid and policy prescriptions.
The central empirical finding was that the conventional Western model of development — assuming that capital investment, technology transfer, and market liberalization would produce convergence with developed economies — had failed systematically across the region. The failures were not random. They followed the patterns that cumulative causation would predict: urban industrialization drew talent and capital from rural regions, widening