Myrdal arrived, across decades of empirical work in multiple national contexts, at a single conclusion he stated with increasing directness: interventionism is not ideology. It is logical necessity following from the empirical reality of cumulative causation. If initial advantages produce further advantages through self-reinforcing feedback loops, and if the market's natural dynamics amplify rather than correct these loops, then the only force that can alter the trajectory is deliberate institutional action — intervention that redirects the flow of advantage toward populations the market, left to its own logic, will systematically bypass. The AI transition organizes this imperative along four dimensions: educational reform, infrastructural investment, regulatory construction, and redistributive mechanism. Each corresponds to a channel through which cumulative causation operates, and each faces political resistance from the interests that benefit from non-intervention.
The conclusion was never popular. It was resisted by economists who preferred equilibrium elegance, by policymakers