British social anthropologist (1919–2015) whose fieldwork among the LoDagaa of Ghana and comparative scholarship established technologies of the intellect as a field — and whose framework provides the most rigorous available lens for analyzing the AI transition.
Sir John Rankine Goody — universally known as Jack Goody — transformed the study of literacy, cognition, and cultural evolution through his insistence that technologies of communication do not merely record thought but restructure it. Educated at St John's College, Cambridge, where he spent nearly his entire academic career and held the William Wyse Chair of Social Anthropology, he was also a Second World War veteran whose three years as a prisoner of war deepened his lifelong commitment to understanding how societies organize knowledge. His central argument — that writing makes cognitive operations like listing, classification, and formal logic possible in forms unavailable to purely oral cultures — challenged prevailing assumptions about the universality of rational thought and established the study of cognitive consequences of literacy as a distinct field.