Doughnut Economics
Doughnut Economics is Kate Raworth's 2017 reframing of the economic project around a single diagnostic image: two concentric rings with a safe and just space between them. The inner ring names twelve dimensions of human well-being drawn from the Sustainable Development Goals — food, water, health, education, income, energy, housing, networks, political voice, social equity, gender equality, and meaningful work — below which no person should fall. The outer ring names nine planetary boundaries identified by the Stockholm Resilience Centre, above which Earth's life-support systems begin to destabilize. The doughnut is the bounded zone where humanity can thrive: meeting the needs of all within the means of the living planet.
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The framework's power lies in what it displaces. For seventy years, the governing question of economic policy has been: Is the economy growing? Raworth's doughnut replaces this with: Is the economy helping humanity thrive? The