John Bowlby

Born in London in 1907 to an upper-middle-class family, John Bowlby was raised largely by a nanny whose departure when he was four he would later describe as a formative loss. He studied psychology at Trinity College, Cambridge, trained in medicine at University College Hospital, and qualified as a psychoanalyst at the British Psychoanalytic Institute. His early clinical work at the London Child Guidance Clinic with juvenile offenders led to the landmark 1944 paper on forty-four juvenile thieves, establishing the connection between maternal deprivation and emotional disturbance that would organize his career. Across three decades he developed attachment theory in the trilogy Attachment and Loss (1969, 1973, 1980), integrating psychoanalysis with ethology, evolutionary biology, cognitive science, and systems theory. Appointed CBE in 1972, he continued writing and lecturing until shortly before his death on the Isle of Skye in 1990.