CONCEPT
The Baloney Detection Kit
Sagan's 1995 toolkit of skeptical questions — built for psychics and astrology, now the sharpest available instrument for navigating confident AI output that sounds like knowledge and may not be.
The baloney detection kit, introduced in The Demon-Haunted World (1995), is less a list of intellectual tools than a manifesto for a particular way of being in the world — skeptical without being cynical, open without being credulous, committed to evidence without being rigid. Sagan designed it for a world in which baloney was produced by human beings for human purposes. The Sagan volume argues that the kit's principles transfer, with alarming precision, to a world of confident, fluent, internally consistent AI output. The kit must be updated not because its principles have changed but because its application environment has changed in ways that make application simultaneously more difficult and more necessary.
In The You On AI Field Guide
The original kit's first and most fundamental tool — seek independent confirmation of the alleged facts — is the one most severely compromised by the architecture of AI systems. When Claude produces a claim, the instinct to seek independent confirmation leads